Which part of the eye is primarily responsible for color vision?

The retina is primarily responsible for color vision due to the presence of specialized photoreceptor cells known as cones. These cones are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing them to detect colors. There are three types of cones, each corresponding to different ranges of wavelengths: one for red, one for green, and one for blue. When light enters the eye, it hits the retina, where these cones translate the light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, enabling the perception of a wide spectrum of colors.

The other parts of the eye have different functions. The cornea helps to focus light onto the retina but does not contribute to color detection. The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye but does not have any role in color vision. The lens focuses the light onto the retina but is not involved in the perception of color itself. Thus, the retina is the key component required for color vision, making it the correct answer.